This department was earlier under control of Department of Industry. In the year 1978, it was separated and established as an independent department as Department of Science and Technology. Again, in the year 2007 the Department of Information Technology was carved out as an independent Department from the Department of Science and Technology. An era of technical education started in Bihar with establishment of Bihar College of Engineering Patna in 1924, which at present,has been converted into National Institute of Technology, Patna. This was the 6th Oldest Engineering College in India. After independence industrial revolution took place and to fulfill the needs of the nation for technological manpower, Bihar Institute of Technology, Sindri was started as College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at Patna in the year of 1949. It was later shifted to Sindri on 17th November 1950. After that Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology was established in the year 1954.In the year 2000, after bifurcation of the state, Bihar Institute of Technology, Sindri became part of Jharkhand Sate. At present, in Bihar 38 engineering colleges and 46 Polytechnic institutions are functioning.In June 2023 the department has been renamed as Department of Science, Technology & Technical Education to reflect the actual nature of the work being done by the department.